Could we see Syria emerge from this as a Russian controlled puppet state with implicit Western backing, I wonder?
i think that would region consolidate, when Russia finish what started in Syria. Events would most probably arrange that Kurdistan emerge as new state in the region (parts of territories seceded from Iraq, Syria and Turkey). i also believe that would Iran peacefully accept to give up from some territory on the behalf newly formed Kurdistan. If Turkey try to stop this process, Turkey may face dissolution as state. in that case, i only think that would, with time, Constantinople, after temporary Russian administration, most probably turn in city/region Church state, something like Atos in Greece.
Then, positive effects of development in the region would affect Israeli-Palestinian situation. i believe there would be solution that can satisfy all sides there, too.