They are nevertheless providing basic amenities and infrastructure to the poorer regions unlike Russia.
You have a very statist view on things. Russia is not Communist any more, but has a free market economy. It was the Soviet Union, that could build a hundreds-of-kilometers-long electrical line -- just so that some reindeer herder had power.
That is to say - resource allocation was a bit of a problem then.
The problems of the Russian regions, are largely the same as the problems of the American Rust Belt. They contain many so called "mono cities", or cities built around one massive enterprise. Examples include cities like Baikalsk (built completely around the Baikalsk Cellulose and Pulp Plant), Norilsk (centered on Norilsk Nickel), Toliatti (centered on Avtovaz, the producer of Lada). When heavy industry shuts down, due to economic, ecological, or other reasons - the city begins to slowly die, and investment slows to a trickle.
In New York State, where I live now, you have many cities that were destroyed in the same way. Rochester used to be a massive industrial center, centered on two huge corporations - Kodak and Xerox. When Kodak and Xerox died, Rochester began to die. Schenectedy was built around General Electric and American Locomotive. Binghamton started dying after IBM left. In Buffalo it was Bethlehem Steel's collapse that started the decline.
If you look a little further afield, there are towns like Detroit, like Flint, like Cleveland, like Youngstown, and so on and so forth.
This is what happens when industries and markets shift. Sounds to me like you want a return to Communism in Russia.
Other wealthy countries with extreme climate manage to do this as well.
I suppose you are alluding to Norway here. It's not correct to compare Norway and Russia, since Norway is the European version of Kuwait. Norway produces 2 million barrels of oil per day, and Russia produces 11 million barrels per day. Norway has a population of 5 million people, and Russia has a population of 150 million people. Oil could never "feed" a country the size of Russia.
The profits certainly don't stay in Chechnya, instead they are sent to Moscow.
I don't know what profits you are talking about, but Chechnya certainly does not send any money to Moscow. Instead, Chechnya receives - every year - billions of dollars from the federal budget in the form of transfers. Initially, this was explained by the need for reconstruction, and catching Chechnya up with average federal incomes. Now, it looks more like an attempt by Putin to bribe Kadyrov for his loyalty.